The 1987 Printing. Efficient combat operations depend on clear, accurate, and secure communications among ground units, Army aviation, and supporting Air Force elements. Control and Coordination are achieved by the most rapid means of communication available between men and units. When electrical means of communication are inadequate, or not available, a station-to-station system of visual communication is an alternate means for transmitting orders, information or requests for aid and/or support. Through the use of arm-and-hand signals, flags, pyrotechnics, and other visual aids, messages may be transmitted. Although many of these signals are widely used, incorporated into unit communications-electronics operating instructions and standing operating procedures, Army wide standardization will increase their effectiveness. The purpose of this manual is to standardize visual signals and to serve as a training reference.